Do not force me! Coercion in dementia care

Bacheloroppgave sykepleie, 2014Statistikk viser at om lag 70.000 personer i Norge er rammet av demens (Folkehelseinstituttet, 2013). Erfaringer fra praksis ga oss en større interesse for eldreomsorg og bruk av tvang, og hvordan sykepleieren kan være med forhindre dette. Vi la merke til at tvang ble i noen tilfeller brukt for å spare tid, og det var ikke alltid tillitsskapende tiltak ble prøvd. «Ikke tving meg!» er en bacheloroppgave som setter fokus på problemstillingen: «Hvordan kan sykepleieren forhindre bruk av tvang i møte med pasienter med demenslidelse som motsetter seg helsehjelp?». Oppgaven tar for seg hvordan vi kan hindre bruk av tvang hos pasienter som nekter hjelp ved morgenstell. Vi har lagt vekt på kommunikasjon i møte med pasienter med en demenssykdom, da vi selv har erfart at dette er et godt verktøy i forhold til tillitsskapende tiltak. Vi har innhentet aktuell litteratur og forskning i forbindelse med denne oppgaven. Vi ser at det er for lite kunnskaper blant sykepleiere og generelt helsepersonell, noe som bidrar til at det i noen tilfeller ikke finnes en klar grense mellom hva som er frivillig og hva som er tvang. Oppgaven vår er basert på en litteraturstudie. Det er benyttet faglitteratur og forskning knyttet til temaet og vi har benyttet oss av våre erfaringer fra praksis

POLD2 and KSP37 (FGFBP2) Correlate Strongly with Histology, Stage and Outcome in Ovarian Carcinomas

BACKGROUND:Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) constitutes more than 90% of ovarian cancers and is associated with high mortality. EOC comprises a heterogeneous group of tumours, and the causes and molecular pathology are essentially unknown. Improved insight into the molecular characteristics of the different subgroups of EOC is urgently needed, and should eventually lead to earlier diagnosis as well as more individualized and effective treatments. Previously, we reported a limited number of mRNAs strongly upregulated in human osteosarcomas and other malignancies, and six were selected to be tested for a possible association with three subgroups of ovarian carcinomas and clinical parameters. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:The six selected mRNAs were quantified by RT-qPCR in biopsies from eleven poorly differentiated serous carcinomas (PDSC, stage III-IV), twelve moderately differentiated serous carcinomas (MDSC, stage III-IV) and eight clear cell carcinomas (CCC, stage I-IV) of the ovary. Superficial scrapings from six normal ovaries (SNO), as well as biopsies from three normal ovaries (BNO) and three benign ovarian cysts (BBOC) were analyzed for comparison. The gene expression level was related to the histological and clinical parameters of human ovarian carcinoma samples. One of the mRNAs, DNA polymerase delta 2 small subunit (POLD2), was increased in average 2.5- to almost 20-fold in MDSC and PDSC, respectively, paralleling the degree of dedifferentiation and concordant with a poor prognosis. Except for POLD2, the serous carcinomas showed a similar transcription profile, being clearly different from CCC. Another mRNA, Killer-specific secretory protein of 37 kDa (KSP37) showed six- to eight-fold higher levels in CCC stage I compared with the more advanced staged carcinomas, and correlated positively with an improved clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:We have identified two biomarkers which are markedly upregulated in two subgroups of ovarian carcinomas and are also associated with stage and outcome. The results suggest that POLD2 and KSP37 might be potential prognostic biomarkers

Distinct microRNA and protein profiles of extracellular vesicles secreted from myotubes from morbidly obese donors with type 2 diabetes in response to electrical pulse stimulation

Lifestyle disorders like obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular diseases can be prevented and treated by regular physical activity. During exercise, skeletal muscles release signaling factors that communicate with other organs and mediate beneficial effects of exercise. These factors include myokines, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). In the present study, we have examined how electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) of myotubes, a model of exercise, affects the cargo of released EVs. Chronic low frequency EPS was applied for 24 h to human myotubes isolated and differentiated from biopsy samples from six morbidly obese females with T2D, and EVs, both exosomes and microvesicles (MV), were isolated from cell media 24 h thereafter. Size and concentration of EV subtypes were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, surface markers were examined by flow cytometry and Western blotting, and morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Protein content was assessed by high-resolution proteomic analysis (LC-MS/MS), non-coding RNA was quantified by Affymetrix microarray, and selected microRNAs (miRs) validated by real time RT-qPCR. The size and concentration of exosomes and MV were unaffected by EPS. Of the 400 miRs identified in the EVs, EPS significantly changed the level of 15 exosome miRs, of which miR-1233-5p showed the highest fold change. The miR pattern of MV was unaffected by EPS. Totally, about 1000 proteins were identified in exosomes and 2000 in MV. EPS changed the content of 73 proteins in exosomes, 97 in MVs, and of these four were changed in both exosomes and MV (GANAB, HSPA9, CNDP2, and ATP5B). By matching the EPS-changed miRs and proteins in exosomes, 31 targets were identified, and among these several promising signaling factors. Of particular interest were CNDP2, an enzyme that generates the appetite regulatory metabolite Lac-Phe, and miR-4433b-3p, which targets CNDP2. Several of the regulated miRs, such as miR-92b-5p, miR-320b, and miR-1233-5p might also mediate interesting signaling functions. In conclusion, we have used a combined transcriptome-proteome approach to describe how EPS affected the cargo of EVs derived from myotubes from morbidly obese patients with T2D, and revealed several new factors, both miRs and proteins, that might act as exercise factors

Partner relationship satisfaction and maternal emotional distress in early pregnancy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recognition of maternal emotional distress during pregnancy and the identification of risk factors for this distress are of considerable clinical- and public health importance. The mental health of the mother is important both for herself, and for the physical and psychological health of her children and the welfare of the family. The first aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for maternal emotional distress during pregnancy with special focus on partner relationship satisfaction. The second aim was to assess interaction effects between relationship satisfaction and the main predictors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Pregnant women enrolled in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (n = 51,558) completed a questionnaire with questions about maternal emotional distress, relationship satisfaction, and other risk factors. Associations between 37 predictor variables and emotional distress were estimated by multiple linear regression analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Relationship dissatisfaction was the strongest predictor of maternal emotional distress (β = 0.25). Other predictors were dissatisfaction at work (β = 0.11), somatic disease (β = 0.11), work related stress (β = 0.10) and maternal alcohol problems in the preceding year (β = 0.09). Relationship satisfaction appeared to buffer the effects of frequent moving, somatic disease, maternal smoking, family income, irregular working hours, dissatisfaction at work, work stress, and mother's sick leave (<it>P </it>< 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Dissatisfaction with the partner relationship is a significant predictor of maternal emotional distress in pregnancy. A good partner relationship can have a protective effect against some stressors.</p

Ikke tving meg! Tvang i demensomsorgen

Statistikk viser at om lag 70.000 personer i Norge er rammet av demens (Folkehelseinstituttet, 2013). Erfaringer fra praksis ga oss en større interesse for eldreomsorg og bruk av tvang, og hvordan sykepleieren kan være med forhindre dette. Vi la merke til at tvang ble i noen tilfeller brukt for å spare tid, og det var ikke alltid tillitsskapende tiltak ble prøvd. «Ikke tving meg!» er en bacheloroppgave som setter fokus på problemstillingen: «Hvordan kan sykepleieren forhindre bruk av tvang i møte med pasienter med demenslidelse som motsetter seg helsehjelp?». Oppgaven tar for seg hvordan vi kan hindre bruk av tvang hos pasienter som nekter hjelp ved morgenstell. Vi har lagt vekt på kommunikasjon i møte med pasienter med en demenssykdom, da vi selv har erfart at dette er et godt verktøy i forhold til tillitsskapende tiltak. Vi har innhentet aktuell litteratur og forskning i forbindelse med denne oppgaven. Vi ser at det er for lite kunnskaper blant sykepleiere og generelt helsepersonell, noe som bidrar til at det i noen tilfeller ikke finnes en klar grense mellom hva som er frivillig og hva som er tvang. Oppgaven vår er basert på en litteraturstudie. Det er benyttet faglitteratur og forskning knyttet til temaet og vi har benyttet oss av våre erfaringer fra praksis

Do not force me! Coercion in dementia care

Bacheloroppgave sykepleie, 2014Statistikk viser at om lag 70.000 personer i Norge er rammet av demens (Folkehelseinstituttet, 2013). Erfaringer fra praksis ga oss en større interesse for eldreomsorg og bruk av tvang, og hvordan sykepleieren kan være med forhindre dette. Vi la merke til at tvang ble i noen tilfeller brukt for å spare tid, og det var ikke alltid tillitsskapende tiltak ble prøvd. «Ikke tving meg!» er en bacheloroppgave som setter fokus på problemstillingen: «Hvordan kan sykepleieren forhindre bruk av tvang i møte med pasienter med demenslidelse som motsetter seg helsehjelp?». Oppgaven tar for seg hvordan vi kan hindre bruk av tvang hos pasienter som nekter hjelp ved morgenstell. Vi har lagt vekt på kommunikasjon i møte med pasienter med en demenssykdom, da vi selv har erfart at dette er et godt verktøy i forhold til tillitsskapende tiltak. Vi har innhentet aktuell litteratur og forskning i forbindelse med denne oppgaven. Vi ser at det er for lite kunnskaper blant sykepleiere og generelt helsepersonell, noe som bidrar til at det i noen tilfeller ikke finnes en klar grense mellom hva som er frivillig og hva som er tvang. Oppgaven vår er basert på en litteraturstudie. Det er benyttet faglitteratur og forskning knyttet til temaet og vi har benyttet oss av våre erfaringer fra praksis

The human ortholog of the rodent testis-specific ABC transporter Abca17 is a ubiquitously expressed pseudogene (ABCA17P) and shares a common 5' end with ABCA3

Background During the past years, we and others discovered a series of human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, now referred to as ABC A-subfamily transporters. Recently, a novel testis-specific ABC A transporter, Abca17, has been cloned in rodent. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of the human ortholog of rodent Abca17. Results The novel human ABC A-transporter gene on chromosome 16p13.3 is ubiquitously expressed with highest expression in glandular tissues and the heart. The new ABC transporter gene exhibits striking nucleotide sequence homology with the recently cloned mouse (58%) and rat Abca17 (51%), respectively, and is located in the syntenic region of mouse Abca17 indicating that it represents the human ortholog of rodent Abca17. However, unlike in the mouse, the full-length ABCA17 transcript (4.3 kb) contains numerous mutations that preclude its translation into a bona fide ABC transporter protein strongly suggesting that the human ABCA17 gene is a transcribed pseudogene (ABCA17P). We identified numerous alternative ABCA17P splice variants which are transcribed from two distinct transcription initiation sites. Genomic analysis revealed that ABCA17P borders on another ABC A-subfamily transporter – the lung surfactant deficiency gene ABCA3. Surprisingly, we found that both genes overlap at their first exons and are transcribed from opposite strands. This genomic colocalization and the observation that the ABCA17P and ABCA3 genes share significant homologies in several exons (up to 98%) suggest that both genes have evolved by gene duplication. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that ABCA17P and ABCA3 form a complex of overlapping genes in the human genome from which both non-coding and protein-coding ABC A-transporter RNAs are expressed. The fact that both genes overlap at their 5' ends suggests interdependencies in their regulation and may have important implications for the functional analysis of the disease gene ABCA3. Moreover, this is the first demonstration of the expression of a pseudogene and its parent gene from a common overlapping DNA region in the human genome

Global miRNA expression analysis of serous and clear cell ovarian carcinomas identifies differentially expressed miRNAs including miR-200c-3p as a prognostic marker

Background Improved insight into the molecular characteristics of the different ovarian cancer subgroups is needed for developing a more individualized and optimized treatment regimen. The aim of this study was to a) identify differentially expressed miRNAs in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC), clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCC) and ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), b) evaluate selected miRNAs for association with clinical parameters including survival and c) map miRNA-mRNA interactions. Methods Differences in miRNA expression between HGSC, CCC and OSE were analyzed by global miRNA expression profiling (Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 2.0 Arrays, n = 12, 9 and 9, respectively), validated by RT-qPCR (n = 35, 19 and 9, respectively), and evaluated for associations with clinical parameters. For HGSC, differentially expressed miRNAs were linked to differentially expressed mRNAs identified previously. Results Differentially expressed miRNAs (n = 78) between HGSC, CCC and OSE were identified (FDR < 0.01%), of which 18 were validated (p < 0.01) using RT-qPCR in an extended cohort. Compared with OSE, miR-205-5p was the most overexpressed miRNA in HGSC. miR-200 family members and miR-182-5p were the most overexpressed in HGSC and CCC compared with OSE, whereas miR-383 was the most underexpressed. miR-205-5p and miR-200 members target epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators, apparently being important in tumor progression. miR-509-3-5p, miR-509-5p, miR-509-3p and miR-510 were among the strongest differentiators between HGSC and CCC, all being significantly overexpressed in CCC compared with HGSC. High miR-200c-3p expression was associated with poor progression-free (p = 0.031) and overall (p = 0.026) survival in HGSC patients. Interacting miRNA and mRNA targets, including those of a TP53-related pathway presented previously, were identified in HGSC. Conclusions Several miRNAs differentially expressed between HGSC, CCC and OSE have been identified, suggesting a carcinogenetic role for these miRNAs. miR-200 family members, targeting EMT drivers, were mostly overexpressed in both subgroups, among which miR-200c-3p was associated with survival in HGSC patients. A set of miRNAs differentiates CCC from HGSC, of which miR-509-3-5p and miR-509-5p are the strongest classifiers. Several interactions between miRNAs and mRNAs in HGSC were mapped

Utredning av mulig kalkingsbehov for å ivareta storørretbestanden i Flagstadelva

Olstad, K., Garmo, Ø., Austnes, K., Kaste, Ø., Linløkken, A.N. Høgberget, R. & Johnsen, S.I. 2020. Utredning av mulig kalkingsbehov for å ivareta storørretbestanden i Flagstadelva. NINA Rapport 1915. Norsk institutt for naturforskning. Flagstadelva i Hamar kommune ble kalket i perioden 1994 – 2014. Som en følge av redusert tilførsel av sur nedbør ble kalkingen avsluttet både her og i andre vassdrag i Hedmark. Avslutningen av kalkingen i 2014 ble fulgt opp med overvåking som er rapportert i NIVA-rapport (Garmo mfl. 2019). Rapporten utelukket ikke at vannkvaliteten i Flagstadelva kan være negativt påvirket av forsuring, og at det har negativ virkning på ørretens rekruttering. I denne rapporten presenteres en utredning på oppdrag fra Fylkesmannen i Innlandet for å undersøke nærmere om det er et behov for å gjenoppta kalking i Flagstadelva med tanke på å sikre gyteområder for storørretbestanden. I tillegg er det utarbeidet en kalkingsplan for elva med utgangspunkt i den eksisterende infrastrukturen knyttet til kalkdosereren ved Nybusjøen og alternativer som blant annet utlegging av kalkgrus er vurdert. Flagstadelva er utsatt for episoder med surt vann i forbindelse med smeltevannsflom, regnflom og i perioder etter lengre tørke. Dagens avvik fra naturtilstanden vurderes imidlertid til å være lite og bidraget fra langtransporterte forurensninger til forsuring i elva karakteriseres som minimalt i forhold til naturlige forsurende prosesser. Kalking vil med stor sannsynlighet ha god effekt som fiskeforsterkende tiltak for å sikre overlevelse gjennom episodiske surstøt og således øke bidraget fra Flagstadelva til det samlede antall mjøsørret